ABSTRACT
The most enduring measure of how individuals make personal decisions affecting their health and safety is the compensating wage differential for job safety risk revealed in the labor market via hedonic equilibrium outcomes. The decisions in turn reveal the value of a statistical life (VSL), the value of a statistical injury (VSI), and the value of a statistical life year (VSLY), which have both mortality and morbidity aspects that we describe and apply here. All such tradeoff rates play important roles in policy decisions concerning improving individual welfare. Specifically, we explicate the recent empirical research on VSL and its related concepts and link the empirical results to the ongoing examinations of many government policies intended to improve individuals' health and longevity. We pay special attention to recent issues such as the COVID pandemic and newly emerging foci on distributional consequences concerning which demographic groups may benefit most from certain regulations. © 2023 by Emerald Publishing Limited.
ABSTRACT
ContextIn the Philippines, 12,690 people died because of road traffic crashes. Every day, 35 died while three (3) are children. Stakeholders worked together to address the problem during the covid-19 pandemic. The young generation is considered the hope of our nation.ProcessThe Center for Policy Studies and Advocacy on Sustainable Development, Inc or the Policy Center, a new organization composed of the five (5) fellows of the World Health Organization- Bloomberg Initiatives for Global Road Safety tried to reconnect, reinvigorate, and reimagine injury prevention during this pandemic by addressing the situation of our children on the road. We implemented the child road safety program in two cities by involving the local leaders, communities, and politicians through organizing them and advocating through social media.AnalysisSan Pedro and Muntinlupa Cities were chosen as partners for the child road safety program because they are prone to road traffic crash as immerging urbanized cities with the increasing number of vehicles and limited knowledge on road safety. Both cities have no identified road safety leaders.OutcomesThe cities developed the Road Safety City Ordinances and Action Plans to address the need of different sectors using the five pillars of road safety with children as the center. A Road Safety module for local leaders was developed. It supports the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021–2030.Learning OutcomesThe covid-19 pandemic teaches us that road traffic crashes will continue to happen and that this can be counter-measured through creative and innovative programs.
ABSTRACT
Meat shortages in many of the largest retail chains during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of U.S. consumers. In addition, wait times for custom slaughter of meat animals increased from days to weeks to upwards of 14 mon. Interruptions in livestock slaughter and meat supplies have renewed the emphasis on medium, small, and very small meat slaughters/processors. Numerous states are investing in slaughter/processing plant construction, renovation of existing plants, and establishing or reestablishing state inspection programs. It is conceivable that this reinvestment may alleviate some of the meat supply limitations;yet, there are a number of factors these plants need to address for economic sustainability, including (but are not limited to): consistency of local and regional livestock supply;availability of trained, experienced workforce;plant holding pens and slaughter floor design;pre-slaughter animal welfare training and compliance;development and implementation of food safety programs;fresh and frozen storage capacities;local and regional marketing channels and modes of distribution;and by-products markets and offal disposal. Regardless of plant size, the ultimate goal of all meat packers/processors is the production of consistent, readily available and affordable, high-quality meat and meat products;however, the traditional driving forces of price and taste are being slowly supplanted by consumers’ concerns about production practices and animal management, perceived nutritional benefits, animal welfare concerns, food locality, and conveniences. This presentation will attempt to amalgamate the challenges facing medium, small, and very small meat processors with consumers’ preferences in relation to the sustainability of these revitalized segments of the livestock and meats industry.
ABSTRACT
For brevity and readability, the term "occupational safety and health" has been shortened to simply "safety." [...]safety management program" is used for "occupational health and safety program," and "safety management system" is used for "occupational safety and health management system." [...]a program is an essential, yet largely neglected, element of most safety management systems. Since safety and health terms are used daily and in numerous organizational documents, many safety leaders simply assume that their meanings are self-evident and are clearly understood by the workforce. The standard defines an occupational health and safety management system as the "set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish policies, objectives and processes to achieve [occupational health and safety] objectives" (p. 3). For the same reasons and because of the negativity that can result from discipline, safety professionals generally relegate it to the bottom of the effectiveness hierarchy. [...]they understand worker training and discipline are ineffective safeguards against hazards such as faulty engineering designs, machinery and material failures, bad management decisions/indecisions, inconsistent communications and organizational misalignments.
ABSTRACT
Suicide prevention begins with understanding depression and mental health protection.